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The main signs of the literary process of XIX century in Western Europe and the United States was the formation and adoption of two major trends in literature and the arts - romanticism and realism - and, accordingly, two creative methods.
It should be noted that the realism of the XIX century was more thoroughly prepared in the previous stages, rather than romanticism. In fact, the whole centuries-long process of progressive development of artistic and aesthetic of human understanding of the surrounding reality with a considerable base can be seen as a process of formation and development of realism. Paint realism are, as a rule, the most striking and significant in a broad and diverse palette of long movement literature to the nineteenth century.
However, romanticism did not come out of nowhere: its roots in the literature of the middle ages and in some other forms of social consciousness of the time. But the deepest roots of romanticism go, of course, in later Education. In this regard, it should be noted that in the formation and development of the two main directions of literature of the nineteenth century - romanticism and realism - revealed one of the main laws of dialectics: the new is born not only in the negation of the old, but in the depths of this very old. Indeed, the romantics were a sharp polemic against the philosophical and aesthetic norms of classicism and Enlightenment and at the same time in its aesthetics and artistic practice have been genetically associated with them. It is in the late Enlightenment formed the significant phenomenon of the literary process, which are called pre-romanticism just because they made romanticism. In turn, the realism of the XIX century, being largely as antithetical towards romanticism, as romanticism against the Enlightenment, even more organically adopted and reinterpreted many of the most important conquests of romanticism than romantic experience of their predecessors.
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